Regeneration of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) via somatic embryogenesis: Key aspects in the in vitro conversion stage and in the ex vitro adaptation of plantlets.

Adapting plantlets to ex vitro conditions is a decisive step in the micropropagation process via organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (ES). The percentage of success this stage determines quality product, an example which found cocoa regenerated by ES, require specific overcome stress new environment. Considering largely survival and growth conditions, effect two culture media between embryo maturation initial conversion plantlet was evaluated (EM2 - MM6 EM2 – MF medium), achieving with latter greater stem height, root length number true leaves. In final plantlet, five (ENR6, MF, ENR8, EDL, PR), better results length, leaves on medium. addition, it that transition EM2-MF had significant development presence desired pivoting fibrous roots. Under nursery tested through inoculation beneficial microorganisms promote survival. met minimum morphological parameters for acclimation were planted substrate coconut palm sand (3:1 v/v) previously selected laboratory (BS). Pseudomonas ACC deaminase (PAACd), Trichoderma asperellum (Ta) arbuscular mycorrhiza forming fungus (AMF) different concentrations phosphorus (PC) (0%, 50% 100%) Hoagland nutrient solution (1:10) evaluated. First, CCN5, 62.5% obtained PAACd + AMF. Second, largest leaf size Ta CNCh12 CCN51; likewise, CNCh13, best result PAACd. Keywords: Cacao, Clonal propagation, Mycorrhiza, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma.